2016年11月 软件评测师 上午题之二十四




摘要:对于【软件评测师】软考考试而言,真题无疑是最重要的学习资料之一。在软考备考过程中,吃透真题、掌握真题所考知识点、熟悉真题的出题思路,对我们提升分数的效果是最明显的,通过对真题的反复练习,还可以查漏补缺。今天,给大家带来【2016年11月 软件评测师 上午题】部分真题的详解,一起来看看吧~1、Software entities are more complex for t

1、Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two similar parts into one, a (1), open or closed.In this respect software systems differ profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abound.Digital computers are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard.Software systems have orders of magnitude more(2)than computers do.Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in the number of different elements.In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some(3)fashion, and the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly.The complexity of software is a(an) (4)property, not an accidental one.Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified models of complex phenomena, deriving, properties from the models, and verifying those properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities(5)in the models were not the essential properties of the phenomena. It does not work when the complexities are the essence. Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with size. Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.4、____
A、 surface
B、 outside
C、 exterior
D、 essential
答案:D
答题解析:
软件实体规模上或许比其他任何人类创造的结构要更为复杂,因为没有两个部分是一样的(至少在语句级以上)。如果他们一样,我们便将这两个相似的部分合到一起,成为一个子程序,打开或关闭。在这一点上,软件系统与计算机、建筑或汽车经常混合使用一些重复的元件有很大区别。数字计算机本身比人类所建造的大多数事物都要复杂,他们有超级多的状态。这使得对他们进行想象、描述和测试都很困难。软件系统的状态数目更是比计算机的超出几个数量级。同理,软件实体的扩展不单是这一批元件变大一点,它必将是大量不同元件都有增加。在大多数情况下,构件以非线性的方式相互作用,而整体的复杂性远超线性增加。软件的复杂的特点具有必然性,并非偶然。因此,对于软件实体的描述,剥离了它的复杂性往往就等于剥离了它的本质。过去这三个世纪,通过对复杂的现象构建出简化模型,从模型的属性再倒推,并通过实验验证这些属性,数学和物理科学取得了长足的进步。这之所以行之有效,是因为模型中忽略掉的复杂特性并不是现象中重要的本质属性。而当这些复杂性很重要时,这种方法就会失效。
2、Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two similar parts into one, a (1), open or closed.In this respect software systems differ profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abound.Digital computers are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard.Software systems have orders of magnitude more(2)than computers do.Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in the number of different elements.In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some(3)fashion, and the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly.The complexity of software is a(an) (4)property, not an accidental one.Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified models of complex phenomena, deriving, properties from the models, and verifying those properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities(5)in the models were not the essential properties of the phenomena. It does not work when the complexities are the essence. Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with size. Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.5、____
A、 fixed
B、 included
C、 ignored
D、 tabilized
答案:C
答题解析:
软件实体规模上或许比其他任何人类创造的结构要更为复杂,因为没有两个部分是一样的(至少在语句级以上)。如果他们一样,我们便将这两个相似的部分合到一起,成为一个子程序,打开或关闭。在这一点上,软件系统与计算机、建筑或汽车经常混合使用一些重复的元件有很大区别。数字计算机本身比人类所建造的大多数事物都要复杂,他们有超级多的状态。这使得对他们进行想象、描述和测试都很困难。软件系统的状态数目更是比计算机的超出几个数量级。同理,软件实体的扩展不单是这一批元件变大一点,它必将是大量不同元件都有增加。在大多数情况下,构件以非线性的方式相互作用,而整体的复杂性远超线性增加。软件的复杂的特点具有必然性,并非偶然。因此,对于软件实体的描述,剥离了它的复杂性往往就等于剥离了它的本质。过去这三个世纪,通过对复杂的现象构建出简化模型,从模型的属性再倒推,并通过实验验证这些属性,数学和物理科学取得了长足的进步。这之所以行之有效,是因为模型中忽略掉的复杂特性并不是现象中重要的本质属性。而当这些复杂性很重要时,这种方法就会失效。
3、下列关于DoS攻击的描述中,错误的是( )。
A、 DoS攻击通常通过抑制所有或流向某一特定目的端的消息,从而使系统某一实体不能执行其正常功能,产生服务拒绝
B、 DoS攻击不需入目标系统,仅从外部就可实现攻击
C、 只要软件系统内部没有漏洞,DoS攻击就不可能成功
D、 死亡之Ping、Land攻击、UDP洪水、Smurf攻击均是常见的DoS攻击手段
答案:C
答题解析:
服务拒绝:当一个实体不能执行它的正常功能,或它的动作妨碍了别的实体执行它们的正常功能的时候,便发生服务拒绝。这种攻击不一定需要目标系统存在漏洞,如UDP洪水。
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