摘要：对于【信息安全工程师】软考考试而言，试题无疑是最重要的学习资料之一。在软考备考过程中，吃透试题、掌握试题所考知识点、熟悉试题的出题思路，对我们提升分数的效果是最明显的，通过对试题的反复练习，还可以查漏补缺。今天，给大家带来【2018年5月 信息安全工程师 上午题】部分试题的详解，一起来看看吧~



1、利用公开密钥算法进行数据加密时,采用的方式是（  ）。
A、 发送方用公开密钥加密,接收方用公开密钥解密
B、 发送方用私有密钥加密,接收方用私有密钥解密
C、 发送方用公开密钥加密,接收方用私有密钥解密
D、 发送方用私有密钥加密,接收方用公开密钥解

答案:C
答题解析:

数据加密公钥加密，私钥解密。

2、Trust is typically interpreted as a subjective belief in the reliability， honesty and  security  of an entity on which we depend （ 本题）our welfare .In online environments we depend on a wide spectrun of things , ranging from computer hardware,software and data to people and organizations. A security solution always assumes certain entities function according to specific policies.To trust is precisely to make this sort of assumptions , hence , a trusted entity is the same as an entity that is assumed to function according to  policy . A consequence of this is that a trust component of a system must work correctly in order   for the security of that system to hold, meaning that when a trusted（  ）fails , then the sytems and applications that depend on it can（  ）be considered secure.An often cited articulation of this principle is:＂ a trusted system or component is one that can break your security policy” ( which happens when the trust system fails ). The same applies to a trusted party such as a service provider ( SP for short )that is , it must operate according to the agreed or assumed   policy in order to ensure the expected level of securty and quality of services . A paradoxical   conclusion to be drawn from this analysis is that security assurance may decrease when increasing the number of trusted components and parties that a service infrastructure depends on . This is because the security of an infrastructure consisting of many.Trusted components typically follows the principle of the weakest link , that is ,in many situations the the overall security can only be as strong as the least reliable or least secure of all the trusted components. We cannot avoid using trusted security components,but the fewer the better. This is important to understand when designing the  identity management architectures,that is, fewer the trusted parties in an identity management model , stronger the security that can be achieved by it.The transfer of the social constructs of identity and trust into digital and computational concepts helps in designing and implementing large scale online markets and communities,and also plays an important role in the converging mobile and Internet environments.Identity management (denoted Idm hereafter ) is about recognizing and verifying the correctness of identitied in online environment .Trust management becomes a component of （  ）whenever different parties rely on each other for identity provision and authentication . IdM and Trust management therefore depend on each other in complex ways because the correctness of the identity itself must be trusted for the quality and reliability of the corresponding entity to be trusted.IdM is also an essential concept when defining  authorisation policies in personalised services.Establishing trust always has a cost, so that having  complex trust requirement typically leads to high overhead in establishing the required trust. To reduce costs there will be incentives for stakeholders to “cut corners”regarding trust requirements ,which could lead to inadequate security . The challenge is to design IdM systems with relatively simple trust requirements.Cryptographic mechanisms are often a core component of IdM solutions,for example,for entity and data authentication.With cryptography,it is often possible to propagate trust from where it initially exists to where it is needed .The establishment of initial（  ）usually takes place in the physical world,and the subsequent propagation of trust happens online,often in an automated manner.
A、 with
B、 on
C、 of
D、 for

答案:B
答题解析:

信任通常被解释为对我们所依赖的实体的可靠性、诚实和安全性的主观信仰（）我们的福利。在网络环境中，我们依赖的是广泛的事物，从计算机硬件、软件和数据到人和组织。安全解决方案总是根据特定的策略假定某些实体的功能。信任恰恰是为了进行此类假设，因此，受信任实体与根据策略假定其功能的实体相同。这样做的结果是，系统的信任组件必须正确工作，以保持该系统的安全性，这意味着当受信任的（）失败时，依赖它的系统和应用程序可以（）被视为安全的。此原则的一个经常被引用的表述是：“受信任的系统或组件是一个这会破坏您的安全策略（信任系统失败时会发生这种情况）。这同样适用于受信任方，如服务提供商（简称SP），也就是说，为了确保预期的安全性和服务质量，它必须按照商定或假定的政策进行操作。从该分析中得出的一个矛盾结论是，当增加服务基础设施所依赖的受信任组件和参与方的数量时，安全保证可能会减少。这是因为由许多基础设施组成的基础设施的安全性。

受信任组件通常遵循最薄弱链接的原则，即在许多情况下，整体安全性只能与所有受信任组件中最不可靠或最不安全的组件一样强。我们不能避免使用可信的安全组件，但越少越好。在设计身份管理架构时，这一点很重要，也就是说，在身份管理模型中，受信任方越少，所能实现的安全性就越强。

将身份和信任的社会结构转换为数字和计算概念有助于设计和实现大规模的在线市场和社区，并在融合的移动和互联网环境中发挥重要作用。身份管理（以下简称IDM）是识别和验证在线环境中标识的正确性。当不同的方依赖对方提供标识和进行身份验证时，信任管理就成为（）的一个组成部分。因此，IDM和信任管理以复杂的方式相互依赖，因为必须信任身份本身的正确性，以确保要信任的相应实体的质量和可靠性。在定义个性化服务中的授权策略时，IDM也是一个基本概念。

建立信任总是有成本的，因此具有复杂的信任需求通常会导致建立所需信任的高开销。为了降低成本，将鼓励利益相关者在信任要求方面“抄近路”，这可能导致安全性不足。挑战在于设计具有相对简单信任要求的IDM系统。密码机制通常是IDM解决方案的核心组件，例如实体和数据身份验证。通过密码技术，通常可以将信任从最初存在的地方传播到需要的地方。初始（）的建立通常是lly发生在物理世界中，随后的信任传播在网上进行，通常以自动化的方式进行。

3、Trust is typically interpreted as a subjective belief in the reliability， honesty and  security  of an entity on which we depend （ ）our welfare .In online environments we depend on a wide spectrun of things , ranging from computer hardware,software and data to people and organizations. A security solution always assumes certain entities function according to specific policies.To trust is precisely to make this sort of assumptions , hence , a trusted entity is the same as an entity that is assumed to function according to  policy . A consequence of this is that a trust component of a system must work correctly in order   for the security of that system to hold, meaning that when a trusted（本题  ）fails , then the sytems and applications that depend on it can（  ）be considered secure.An often cited articulation of this principle is:＂ a trusted system or component is one that can break your security policy” ( which happens when the trust system fails ). The same applies to a trusted party such as a service provider ( SP for short )that is , it must operate according to the agreed or assumed   policy in order to ensure the expected level of securty and quality of services . A paradoxical   conclusion to be drawn from this analysis is that security assurance may decrease when increasing the number of trusted components and parties that a service infrastructure depends on . This is because the security of an infrastructure consisting of many.Trusted components typically follows the principle of the weakest link , that is ,in many situations the the overall security can only be as strong as the least reliable or least secure of all the trusted components. We cannot avoid using trusted security components,but the fewer the better. This is important to understand when designing the  identity management architectures,that is, fewer the trusted parties in an identity management model , stronger the security that can be achieved by it.The transfer of the social constructs of identity and trust into digital and computational concepts helps in designing and implementing large scale online markets and communities,and also plays an important role in the converging mobile and Internet environments.Identity management (denoted Idm hereafter ) is about recognizing and verifying the correctness of identitied in online environment .Trust management becomes a component of （  ）whenever different parties rely on each other for identity provision and authentication . IdM and Trust management therefore depend on each other in complex ways because the correctness of the identity itself must be trusted for the quality and reliability of the corresponding entity to be trusted.IdM is also an essential concept when defining  authorisation policies in personalised services.Establishing trust always has a cost, so that having  complex trust requirement typically leads to high overhead in establishing the required trust. To reduce costs there will be incentives for stakeholders to “cut corners”regarding trust requirements ,which could lead to inadequate security . The challenge is to design IdM systems with relatively simple trust requirements.Cryptographic mechanisms are often a core component of IdM solutions,for example,for entity and data authentication.With cryptography,it is often possible to propagate trust from where it initially exists to where it is needed .The establishment of initial（  ）usually takes place in the physical world,and the subsequent propagation of trust happens online,often in an automated manner.
A、 entity
B、 person
C、 component
D、 thing

答案:A
答题解析:

略

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